Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay

Provide a medium-paragraph length answer to each question below (using full and complete sentences). The questions are about the readings listed on the syllabus for 2/19 and 2/26. 1. Identify and explain the two objections that Michael Sandel raises about Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of Utilitarianism. 2. What are the three types of policies and laws that Michael Sandel identifies as being commonly rejected by libertarians? Briefly explain each type of policy, and explain why libertarians are philosophically opposed to them. 3. According to Mary Anne Warren (in â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion†), what are the five central criteria for moral personhood, and what are the implications of this criteria on the issue of whether or not the fetus has the right to life? 4. According to Don Marquis (in â€Å"Why Abortion Is Immoral†), what is the property that the fetus possesses which makes abortion an immoral act? Why does Marquis say that abortion is just as wrong as killing an innocent adult person? 5. Judith Jarvis Thomson (in â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†) makes an argument about the morality of abortion when the pregnancy is due to rape by creating a fictitious example about being hooked up to an unconscious violinist. What are the elements of her example that make it analogous to the situation of pregnancy due to rape? What is the conclusion she draws about the morality of abortion in this situation, and what is the basis for this conclusion? Submission Guidelines Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the text of the document Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the name of the file that you submit.

Modernism in poetry Essay

Modernism. It is a direction of poetry, literature and art in general that uses and describes â€Å"new and distinctive features in the subjects, forms, concepts and styles of literature and the other arts in the early decades of the present century, but especially after World War I. † (Abrams 167) More often than not â€Å"Modernism† engages in â€Å"deliberate and radical break† (Abrams 167) with more traditional foundation of art and culture, established since XIX century. Here two poets of modernist age – T. S. Elliot and H. Crane – are compared to T. Hardy and G. M. Hopkins, a pair of contemporary classical poets. I’d like to begin the study with T. S. Elliot, the famous poet whose very name sounds like a synonym to word â€Å"modernism†. Elliot was and is the personification of modernism, and images and verses from his poems are remembered even today, and integrated in today works of literature and fiction. One can remember Steven King’s â€Å"Dark Tower† saga where images of Elliot’s works resurface frequently – in fact, one of King’s volumes of that saga is called â€Å"The Waste Lands†, obviously inspired by Elliot’s . For example, Elliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† had brought us a vision of a man whose world had split in and around himself, a lost person in search of love which can only be destructive and formidable for him. Since he is confined in the abyss of his own consciousness, reality is merely some kind of emotional experience for him. He can still observe the world around him, but psychologically he is alone, in the waste lands of unfertility and spiritual emptiness. Prufrock (the epitome of Elliot himself, or the reader) lets his thoughts and sentiments drift off incoherently. The external world around him, to which he is so sardonic, reflects his inner world, deprived of spiritual serenity. As he cannot get involved in a dialogue with the external world, only through the dramatic monologue can Prufrock whisper his intention : â€Å"Let us go then, you and I† (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 242). Elliot wanted his hero (and the reader) to compare himself with a character of Dante’s â€Å"Inferno†. But while they are alike, their fates are different: While Guido has at least the courage to open up to Dante, Prufrock is too complacent and too inert to make that effort. His only confident can be his alter ego – a distorted reflection of himself in the mirror of outside world. He sees this person, and begs to him for unification – as if there can be an answer different from the one he gives himself†¦ Prufrock’s wisdom of the ages he seems to feel returns to him as cruel mockery. What, indeed, could be the meaning of â€Å"life, universe and everything† (D. Adams), if .. one, settling a pillow, or throwing off a shawl, And turning toward the window, should say: â€Å"That is not it at all, That is not what I meant, at all. † (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 245). That Prufrock’s mawkish and evasive nature is shattered is delineated in the last ten lines of the poem. As the recurrent images of and references to the sea (â€Å"silent seas†, â€Å"mermaids†, â€Å"seagirls†) crop up more and more, Prufrock’s self-evasion becomes more marked. His psychic para1yis culminates when he realizes that even the mermaids will not do him a favor by singing to him; thus, all his source of possible inspiration fades away. (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 245). He has never rea1ly been a religious man: he cannot, thus, expect Christ to restore him to a potent life, as was Lazarus restored to his. It is no wonder that while Prufrock is felt to be an epitome to all society of his times – so brilliant and so exquisitely empty inside. In modern times, his words had been referenced to in mockery by one of the most horrible machines the human mind had ever invented, Blaine the Mono: â€Å"In the rooms the people come and go. But I doubt that any of them is talking of Michelangelo† (King). Elliot’s other masterpiece, Gerontion, depicts a dream of memory. While Prufrock is at least â€Å"here† (even if he is unsure of his own location in the world), Gerontion’s hero is the time itself, sifted through the sieve of human memory. The observer is neither here not there, but the remains of memory, the dregs of time are spread before him – an enchanting display, but meaningless essentially. Elliot seems to ask – would the dregs of our own memory, if spread before some stranger, mean as little to him as these remains of one’s time mean to us now? All Elliot’s images are dark, broody and disturbing. They imply to ask – is it all? Can there be anything else around us, or are we lost eternally in the world which wasn’t mean for us? And, as Elliot hadn’t answered that questions himself, each reader must substitute his own answers and test their validity on Elliot’s words of man, world and time. Hart Crane is other example of modernist poets, his images are less brooding than Elliot’s and more defined, but the power they wield over us is intensified by their hidden meanings, unseen at first glance. Crane’s â€Å"Black Tambourineâ€Å" reflects on author’s own experience of time spent with some negro workers in a cellar. But the cellar expands in author’s view to the size of the whole world, and its closed door becomes the famous wall of the three Biblical judgments – MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN: â€Å"numbered, weighed and found wanting†. All universe seems to be contained between â€Å"here and now† – the dark cellar with tambourine on the wall – and mystical â€Å"somewhere†, where all human hopes end as â€Å"carcass, quick with flies† (Black Tambourine). â€Å"At Melville’s Tomb† brings dark and melancholy beneath which a memory of forces lingers that were bright and vicious once before – before the Death took its toll, equaling the furious Ahab and unnamed sailor. The image of the sea is indefinite and vague too, for it can be perceived as deep grave, or Death itself, or Sea of Time which will eventually give endless calm to every living being. In all modernist poetry, the concept of such multipart images and veiled references was honed and detailed up to its perfection. Now this is an instrument which is frequently used in literature and other spheres of life, such as advertising, but in times of T. S. Elliot and H. Crane it was a powerful innovation with which readers were stunned literarily. To compare with modernist poetry of Elliot and Crane, classical works by T. Hardy and G. M. Hopkins are selected. The classical English poetry of Thomas Hardy is more structured both in rhythm and meaning than modernist examples of Elliot and Crane. His poetry can be called â€Å"methodic†, for he explains methodically the one symbol which forms a poem. He explains it, details it, brings it before our eyes in maddeningly realistic manner, until the reader not simply understands it, but is enthralled by its vision. â€Å"Neutral tones† brings us a vision of lost love which turned into deadliness – the blank neutrality which opposes love and joy and happiness of life. The feelings deepen further with each stanza – from tranquility to blankness, to melancholy, and finally to utter despair. The concluding stanza forms the moral of the poem, adding to the finality of the sentence – what is lost in time, can never be found again. â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† is an example of more hopeful vision. Dedicated to the coming century, it is full with dark images of definite meaning: the gate as the gate of a new age (or a new Century), frost and Winter as Death itself that comes to all, and the land becomes a body which dies together with Century, for its time has passed. But the mere voice of the thrush changes the picture, illuminating it with some inner light of â€Å"blessed Hope†. And, while the reader (as the man who stands at the gates) is yet unaware of a definite knowledge of that Good Sign that only the bird has, he still accepts the bird’s song as a sign that there is hope for the future. Poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins is yet another example of what classics had to offer then. His images are as definite as Hardy’s, if somewhat more fluent, and the moral is present too in his poems. â€Å"Spring and Fall† shows Margaret – a young girl who had realized for the first time that all things in life change and eventually die, that life is not permanent. A child’s mind can grasp concepts at levels they are not aware of, and understand something without ever having it explained. It is simple because of the innocent way the child absorbs the life itself. As an adult, one can see a subject or idea in a completely different way by viewing it through the eyes of a child. In the poem, Margaret looks at death and understands it symbolically, through the death of leaves to her own imminent demise. â€Å"God’s Grandeur† is another example of short and conclusive classical poetry. The tension in scenes of man-made destruction, pictured with vivid detail, is intensified by alliteration. Disturbing images of oozing oil and ever-repeating trod of countless generations result in deep, uncontrolled fear. But the conclusion opposes all said before by references to never-ending nature and God as its creator and protector. It states to us that God will as surely brings life after death and resurrection after destruction, as each day he brings the morning light after the dark of night. From fear of Man to hope in God – that is the meaning of the poem in general. To conclude the work, one should remind that modernist poets had learned to use their images from classical poetry. But, taking the basic elements and images from their predecessors, their works had transcended from single pictures (or contented stories explained to reader part by part) to grandiose intertwined canvases, full of elements and colors, or bottomless abysses of veiled hints and allusions. Certainly, the works of classics had formed the foundation for these magnificent creations of modernist poets, and without them the whole modernism in English literature would not be able to exist or progress. Works Cited Abrams M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1941 Hardy, Thomas. Wessex poems and other verses. New York: Harper, 1898. Hopkins, Gerard Manley. Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. London: Humphrey Milford, 1918. King, Stephen. The Waste Lands. Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc, 1991. Simon, Marc. The Complete Poems of Hart Crane. New York: Liveright, 1986. The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry. New York and London:W. W. Norton & Company, 1988

Case Study Analysis: Jive Software

During the years 2001 to 2004 of gradual development of Jive Systems, the company solidified its status as the fastest growing SBS Company in the industry, doubling the size of its workforce since 2008 and increasing full year revenue 85% from 2008 to 2009. Throughout this period of rapid growth and expansion, Jive relied on a variety of technologies to handle their sales forecasting process. Till they realized that their structure of business changing almost daily, Jive’s eccentric system struggled to keep up. The structure was done in a haphazard manor. They were doing quota management in Excel, bookings and sales in Sales force and pipeline analysis in Cloud9 Analytics, which resulted in lack of all the information into one central system. Jive’s multi-tool approach was the source of several serious issues: The executive team had poor visibility into the sales opportunity pipeline; all data updates involved a tedious and cumbersome transfer process from salesforce. om to Excel pivot tables; and, when changes of any kind needed to be made, instead of conducting research and having an all team/ department meeting for synchronisation they just made ridiculous plans and moved to creating new products. 1. Put yourself in Wilson's shoes when he is first hired. You have to formalize Jive's sales functions. What are the core building blocks of the sales function you need to put in place? The core building blocks of the sales function that one needs to put in place are as follows – The ability to understand and analyse business issues and develop solutions around the core building blocks of sales process which are tools, skills, competencies and attitudes. Based on the company’s revenue hire sales reps that are capable of using the latest techniques to engage individuals in their development and understanding coaches and mentors (VP’s) who help individuals to become aware and responsible for their opportunities. With ref to the Sales Learning curve article and adding to the above one should start out with very low assumptions about expected revenue per salesperson, and increase these expectations gradually, quarter by quarter. Anticipate that during the initiation phase, reps will not generate enough revenue to cover their total costs. Instead of hiring new sales reps the VP should track the productivity of existing reps approaching the point where they cover their total costs. Post that if necessary one should consider expanding the sales force. . Evaluate the strategy of using team vs. individual coverage/quota models. What are the pros and cons of each approach? Suggest an alternative coverage/quota mode In the Jive case study we see that when Dennis Deveny and Sarah Denman worked as a team, the sales strategy was going on the right track till the VP introduced more sales players. But however using a team is more effective as they can split up responsibilities and cover areas that they ar e capable also making it less time consuming. With respect to team coverage quota models – Depends on if they are the same job role or not – if it's two of the same role (i. e. two Field Reps vs. one Field Rep paired with an Inside Rep), then the following applies: Pros: Obvious alignment and cooperation in rep activity and reduction in rep conflict on deals resulting in no commission and credit fights. Cons: Diluted responsibility, much easier to overpay for sales influence per $ of revenue, much easier to overpay for lower levels of performance, if quota relief is ever given it can reward the wrong person, etc. However an individual sales quota might work in the initial stage (testing stage) when the company is just starting out as a small firm, with minimum expenses and quota. The pros would be awarded for one’s own credit/work, examine the reps progress and the cons would be few areas covered compared to a pair, work overload, stress/ depression and time consuming. Alternative coverage/quota mode – Have a marketer look after introductions, qualification and generation of opportunities, then bringing in the salesperson to discuss commercials and close the deal, you can create an effective pairing. But the company must make sure that these pairs look after different territories, which could be geographic, vertical etc. The most important thing is to ensure there is no crossover, one can split by verticals, and we need to make sure to draw the lines and that no one company can sit in two verticals. 3. What are the merits of a quarterly vs. annual quota systems? What is the ideal length of a quota period? What are the adverse effects if the period is too long or short? Which quota period length is most appropriate for Jive? Quarterly annual quota is effective as sales reps can measure their performances per quarter and rectify the problems in the next quarter thus avoiding a big blunder towards the end of the financial year. One can keep track, learn from the changing business environment and their targeted territories. Also if compensation is included in each quarter it can boost the competition of the sales rep. On the other hand long term quotas can be less stressful and the sales reps have enough time and space to learn their territories well. The ideal length of a quota period depends on each company and different factors such as Corporate revenue goals, Historic revenue performances, Current sales coverage model, Planned increases in sales headcount, Introduction of new products and services, Current market share, Stretch targets. Adverse effects if the period is too long – sales reps would start with their quota with great gusto in the beginning of the year and loose interest towards the end of the year. The company tends to solve the situation when the year ends because they learn about the problem too late and at that stage the issue can be unsolvable. As for too short a period it can lead to a lot of stress, incorrect methods of achieving sales quotas as the competition level is too high which results in Sales reps not contracting the right information and failure in understanding the customer needs. As the case study shows that quarterly quotas were a big disaster I would recommend Half yearly sales quotas because sales reps will have enough time to understand their target territories, half yearly sales quota will be less stressful and plus allow them to gather accurate data keep their strategies current with the business. Also the company must be willing to adjust the leverage down to anticipate some reduction in quota accuracy and manage compensation costs to reasonable levels and avoid revamping the sales for at every quarter. 4. How does the enterprise sales learning curve (ESLC) apply to this situation? The sales rep will have time to understand the consumer needs by allowing the beta to be tested by the consumers. By reduction of quotas, it will result in a less stressful situation giving the sales reps the opportunity to gather information on the pros and cons of the product and creating a correct report for the company. On doing this the engineers, product developers, marketers and sales can work on a half yearly plan according to the results of the report. 5. Jive Software has announced plans to bring on John McCracken as the new VP of Sales in Q109. What steps should McCracken take to mitigate the problems in sales? With ref to the Sales Learning Curve – Adjust the sales strategy he learns by using the sales learning process that unfolds in three phases—each requiring a different size sales force with different skills: Initiation: Once the products are beta-tested and have few potential customers. Should hire three to four salespeople to learn how customers will use the product and to support other parts of the company in refining the offering as well as marketing and selling strategies. Look for salespeople who: Communicate well with teams from other functions, Tolerate ambiguity, Have a deep interest in product technology, Can bring customers together with various functional teams in your firm, Can develop their own sales models and collateral material. Transition: Once acquired a critical mass of customers and sales are accelerating. Keep initial sales team focused on learning. Add sales reps who can operate effectively within an evolving sales model but who don’t necessarily have the analytical and communication skills the initial team required. Execution: Once developed the formula for success and put the sales force’s support requirements in place, bring in traditional salespeople—and arm them with a territory, sales plan, price book, and marketing materials to take orders. Sources: The Sales Learning Curve Article by Mark Leslie and Charles A Holloway.

Working with people and organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working with people and organisations - Essay Example In order for GSCC to maintain contact with both the users and providers of social services, they usually have a code of conduct for the workers. This interface is very beneficial because social care workers, employers and users are able to know their rights in the use of the service. A worker usually gets a guide during his or her practice. Therefore, he or she knows what is expected of him or her. Secondly, an employer gets to know what he is supposed to do to ensure that the social care that his employees provide is of high quality. Thirdly, the code also helps the public to be aware of the expected of a behavior of a social worker. Moreover, the public also gets to know how an employer should support his employees in carrying out their jobs (code of practice for social care workers). (Williams, 2009, pg 13) In the event whereby a social worker realizes that a colleague or an employer is contravening the codes of practice, he should report the case to the relevant authorities. Curr ently, GSCC refers to the reporting process as whistle blowing. However, before this body was set up there was he Aspect, which performed a similar function. Unfortunately, Aspect did not have the capacity to protect people who reported such scenarios against victimization.

Principles On Drug Abuse Treatment Research Paper

Principles On Drug Abuse Treatment - Research Paper Example According to Belenk, offenders need to provide urine tests on a regular basis. The court further assists offenders to secure entitlements such as medical, housing, or welfare allowance. Offenders need to visit probation officers on a frequent basis well as visit counseling sessions. However, drug courts are not effective in the treatment of drug-related cases. This is because such courts use coercive means, which offenders conform to for just some time. Drug offenders like programs that give them the chance to volunteer. Courts, however, have strict regulations and procedures, which is not effective. Rehabilitation centers that offer such services voluntarily serve better to offenders. Drug treatment as a routine is effective in reducing recidivism among offenders. These programs, however, take various forms. These treatments include the use of voluntary service centers such as rehabilitation stations. It may also take the form of mandatory treatment programs that include the use of the drug courts and law enforcement. Drug abuse leads to the loss in the national governments' funds. Funding such program costs lots of dollars. On the health of offenders, drug treatment saves offenders from mental health complications. Despite the success of drug success of drug treatment program, it faces several challenges. Such challenges include the unavailability of high-quality programs, the difference in priorities and the inability of such programs to benefit offenders after prison time.

Dissertation Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dissertation Proposal - Essay Example High- leveraged firms in the EU do not respond to economic crises in the same way that low-leveraged firms do. The former responds by adopting a more debt more repayment policy while the latter responds by adopting a less debt more equity policy. This strategic policy dichotomy underlies the very nature of EU corporate culture too. Invariably strategic policy responses of this nature are characterized by paradigm shifts that both primarily and immediately presume corporate governance and sustainability issues. EU companies operate in a highly regulated competitive environment that gives them little, if any, freedom to achieve organizational goals, both short term and long term (Spedding, 2004). In this backdrop leveraging decisions of firms are basically determined by long term organizational goals related outcomes as much as they are determined by theoretical conceptual frameworks. A set of endogenous and exogenous variables that impact on these outcomes has been studied with greater emphasis on organizational outcomes related to leverage in general (DeMarzo and Duffie, 1991). However a series of questions as to what, why, when, where and how have not been properly answered concerning the significance of more debt and less equity in order to settle existing debt against the backdrop of the current economic downturn (Cooper, 2008). Strategic finance policy shifts in the EU corporate sector against the backdrop of the current global economic downturn have been marked by more debt to pay existing debt (Pettit, 2007). This kind of leveraging practice has a very far reaching impact on the overall capital structure of the firm as well (Lele, 1992). Issuing more debt in order to settle existing debt is a strategic financial initiative adopted by EU firms thus obviating the need for issuing equity (O’Conner and Jen, 2002). However the strategic financial policy on leveraging in the EU corporate sector has acquired a new dimension, i.e. while exiting debt might

Violent Computer Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Violent Computer Games - Essay Example â€Å"On average, there is a significant tendency for the studies to yield an increase in aggression by those who have played the violent games," said Craig Anderson, an Iowa State University professor and leading researcher on the effects of media violence.† (Violent computer games under Attack). There are enough evidences which prove that playing violent computer games give rise to violence in the society. This is extremely bad for the society, it is high time that this is realized and something should be done about it sooner rather than later.   Every coin is two sided, playing computer games also has benefits. It relaxes a person and it is very entertaining to play games. The relaxation derived from playing games is immense and cannot be out into words. Research also proves that playing games makes the mind sharper and the response rate of the mind goes up by a significant level. â€Å"Nottingham Trent University professor Mark Griffiths said they can be a powerful dist raction for youngsters undergoing painful cancer treatment. He also argues games can help develop social skills for children with attention disorders including autism. Mr Griffith's claims are made in the British Medical Journal out on Friday. The professor of gambling studies at Nottingham Trent University said more research must be done into both the positive and negative effects of gaming. Violent computer games should be banned considering their impact on the society, so far we have been the architects of our own destruction.

Prospective corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prospective corporate strategy - Essay Example This lust for new market has triggered a wave of competition which has necessitated the need for organization to differentiate themselves from its competitors in order to sustain themselves in the market (Brakman & Heijdra, 2004, p.413). Task 1: Strategic Positioning Central Arguments In order to take on the increased levels of competition firms have started adopting different strategies that tend to provide greater value to the consumers. Strategists and marketers are increasingly enhancing their focus on aspects like positioning and branding. Positioning is defined the image of a particular product or service in the minds of the consumer (Hiebing, Hiebing & Cooper, 2004, p.146). Value addition has become the prime aim of business organizations to sustain and differentiate themselves in the global market. Value proposition refers to the value addition that an organization provides to its customers by virtue of its business operations and product or service offering (Hax, 2009, p.42) . Michael Porter identified three basic generic strategies that could be used to create strategic positioning for a firm in the market. He stated that a firm can sustain itself in the business market by adopting one or a combination of the three generic strategies which are focus, cost leadership and differentiation. Strategic positioning involves selecting an optimum mix of the three generic strategies stated above to gain strategic and sustainable advantage while creating greater value for the stakeholders of an organization (Hansen, Mowen & Guan, 2007, p.377-378). The principles of strategic positioning as outlined by Thornton are stated below: 1. Concept based strategy formulation 2. Long term vision and planning 3. Diversification of thought 4. Strength based planning (Thornton, 2007, p.14). Adopting a strategic positioning would help a firm to pursue activities that would help them differentiate the product or service offering from the rest of its competitors in the business m arket. It would also act as a guideline towards new product development as well as enhancement of value addition to a product or service offering (Steinbock, 2007, p.273). Task 2: Internet and Strategic Positioning The twenty first century has also been described as the age of information technology. The backbone for this lies in the advancement in internet technology. Internet has reduced the distance between the individuals. This aspect has been largely used by business organizations to gain competitive advantage. The rise of dotcom sites and online web portals has been accredited with enhancing the business potential of business organizations. However, an article by Michael Porter strongly contradicts this view. The author in his article conveys his reservations about internet technology being used as medium to add value to a product or service offering. He states that internet has not generated a significant increase in the value offering of the products rather it has created a situation where value addition implies only cost based improvement. He further questions the business model of the dot.com companies as he believes that the present business model ignores the aspect of profitability and value. In this article it has been explicitly stated that the rise of internet in business organiza

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how successful these Policies have been - Essay Example f a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that margin squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing economy into a downturn. With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of America’s macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and look at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state. In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberations in 2006. The health of the national economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure took—most notably the infrastructure for energy. For the preceding year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite robust for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real GDP had grown steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarter—immediately following the hurricanes—when real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to about 1 Â ½ percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to sev eral temporary factors, none of which were related to the hurricanes. In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty; the economy appears to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

Metamorphosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Metamorphosis - Essay Example He lived to find food, provide shelter, eat rubbish, just to survive and protect the species. According to Karen Bernardo's commentary (n.d.), his metamorphosis confronted him with "the greater questions of existence." When Gregor awoke to find himself "transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin" (Kafka, 1), he reacted as if he had to work and fulfill his duty, a surprising attitude, in the circumstances. Instead of being horrified at the changes in his body, Gregor dealt with it, first as a dream, then just an odd transformation that would not stop him from working and being the same person. He continued to think of ways to get over the problem and get to work, which is a confusing reaction for the reader, as it was a terrifying situation to be in. It was absurd that he continued to think and feel as both beetle and man, but in reality, the person who was Gregor still existed, trapped in that awful body. The metamorphosis gave him time to think and examine his life, the family, and his own place in the world and showed he was still human. When his mother and sister cleared out his room, he felt "they weretaking away everything that was dear to him" (Kafka, 24). He crept out to listen to Grete's music, asking "Was he an animal if music could captivate him so" (Kafka, 33).

Innocent Commission Essay Example for Free

Innocent Commission Essay It is better to let a thousand guilty individuals go free than to let one innocent person suffer (Volokh, 1997). The rationale behind this statement is that nobody can put a price in the life and liberty of a person. Wrongful conviction of an innocent man destroys his whole life and family. While the innocent is suffering the punishment for something that he did not do, the guilty is enjoying the freedom that the innocent man deserved but has been deprived of. The Criminal Justice System provides that in criminal cases, the burden of proof required to convict a person is proof beyond reasonable doubt and this burden lies in the State. This means that if there is so much of an iota of doubt in the innocence or guilt of a person then the State has no choice but to let the accused go because it has not fully satisfied its burden. Wrongful conviction is caused by several factors such as improper forensics, false conviction and other unfortunate incidents. Improper or unvalidated forensics is one of the biggest causes of wrongful conviction in the United States. Before DNA testing was available, many individuals were sent to prison on the basis of the eyewitness testimonies which are not one hundred percent accurate. The discovery of DNA analysis in the 80s greatly helped in ruling out and identifying innocent from guilty persons. Aside from DNA testing, other forensics tests are used to verify completely the identity of the victim and the accused such as tests to compare bite marks, shoe prints, firearms, hair microscopy and many more. Some of these may not be fully subjected to rigid evaluation and there may be a tendency for these tests to be handled incorrectly or presented vaguely in trial which in turn may lead to a wrongful conviction (Innocence Project, N. d.). Innocent individuals also get convicted based on false confessions not only from them but from acclaimed eye witnesses as well. In some cases, the accused, even though innocent says some incriminating statements that sooner or later lead to their conviction. There are many reasons why innocent people confess to crimes they did not commit. Some of them are just coerced or under duress when they made that statement. Studies show that some confessions are influenced by the mental state of the person. For instance, confession from minors are often unreliable given the fact that they are not fully aware of the repercussions of their actions and they can easily be persuaded. Children under legal age can seem to be quite vulnerable that some law enforcers seem to take advantage of this kind of situation(Innocence Project, 2003). When a crime happens and the victim files a charge, he becomes a witness for the State and in turn, the government will do everything they can to overturn the burden and get the bad guy out of the street. It is a good thing that the State is there to protect its people, however, it becomes a bad thing when the prosecution oversteps some boundaries in order to secure a conviction regardless of the guilt or innocence of the accused. The Criminal Justice System should be given credit for their hard work solving crimes and capturing the guilty. The police and other fellow law enforcers are reliable and trust worthy but as rewarding as the job is, there can be a few bad apples in the department and as sad as it is to admit, these incidences cause people to lose faith in the government (Innocence Project, 2003). Helping the victims get justice for what happened to them and putting guilty people in jail are both remarkable acts but helping an innocent person escape the punishment he does not deserve also has its own equal reward. References Innocence Project. N. d.   Understand `the Causes. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/about/Contact-Us.php Innocence Project. 2003. North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission.Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/NC_Innocence_Commission_Mission.html Volokh, A. 1997. n Guilty Men. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.law.ucla.edu/volokh/guilty.htm

Learning disability Essay Example for Free

Learning disability Essay Special education refers to the arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to address the needs of students with learning differences, mental health issues, physical and developmental disabilities, and giftedness. Provision of special education is inferred from two provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Article II, Section 17 provides that the state must give priority to education, while Article XIV, Section 1 guarantees that this education be accessible to all: appropriate steps must be taken. School can be particularly challenging for children with special needs, including those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD, who often experience poor academic performance, behavior problems, and difficulties with social interaction. The situation can be further complicated by the fact that there is no typical, predictable classroom style common to all children with special needs, for that matter. It can also be hard for parents to tell how much of any problem identified by a teacher falls into the normal range of a child development, for example how much is due to ADHD, and how much is due to coexisting problem such as learning disability, anxiety disorder, or disruptive behavior and others. Add to this fact that the public school system here in the Philippines may not have Individualized Education Program (IEP) that will meet the needs of these special children. In this study, the researchers will use different basic methods of assessing special education curriculum how it may be integrated into the mainstream or general education particularly in the Philippine public school system, without compromising quality of education.

Child Nutrition Act Analysis

Child Nutrition Act Analysis Mamadee Kamara The social policy that this writer chose to write about is the Child Nutrition Act (CAN)/school lunch program. The Child Nutrition Act is one of the most dynamic social policy program in United States social welfare history. The program designed to benefit millions of low-income families and their children across the nation, it helps children the ability to strive their full potential in getting a better accumulated education when they do not have to worry about getting their next meal. It also helps the small businesses owner like for farmer, for instance, to help them grow more products and expanding their distribution in the marketplace. According to the school nutrition association, consuming a healthy diet is critical for first child development and academic achievement, (Bergman et al., 2014). The Child Nutrition program has come from way before it has even existed here in the United States, the very first country that implemented the idea of feeding children at school was in Germany from Munich in 1790, followed by French and British in the 1880s. Ellen H. Richards, the first women who introduced school feeding to the United States as she started it off as a charity work in Boston Massachusetts was in 1894. On October 11, 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill of Child Nutrition Act. It enables hundreds of young unemployed men to be employed, feeds the underfed and hungry children across the country, and an outlet for the enormous surplus of agriculture commodities, Martin, J., Oakley, C. (Eds.). (2008). In 1966 Child Nutrition Act, the alternative program was created to help build the program stronger. The school breakfaster program (SBP), This was initially designed to help the low-income youth and their families in the poor areas where students had to travel a great distance to get to school, (Ross L. Anderson, 2010). Eating a healthy nutrition food and supplement help individuals grow stronger, mentally, physical and psychological. For instance, most people that want to stay on the healthy life consistently control their eating right nutrition and supplement for them to stay focus. Post University athletics teams have a unique diet program designed for athletics. During the men soccer season, some rules and programs help athletics stay off eating junk foods and drinks that may have possible effect their abilities to stay fit. At school cafeteria in post-university, the chief would make sure they contain healthy nutrition menus weekly throughout the fall season because of the ath letics. According to (Ross L. Anderson, 2010), proper nutritional support is necessary. It allows the brain to function at its highest ability and enhance learning. Healthy dietary habits in early life help ensure normal physiological, and development. Another strength is that the policy helps children in general, to adopt healthy life nutrition, and prevent a disorder such as obesity.ÂÂ   As parents, one should incorporate healthy nutritional food and supplement as part of the childrens diet. There are multiple issues with child nutrition act, for instance, society and parents may consider this policy as a bad reflection on them, when a person start to feel that the system is feeding his/her children, they view that as bad parenting. According to my research, society is easy to utter that kids experience issues in school because of poor parents neglecting their childs early development needs. Therefore, most parents would have a second thought about child nutrition act program due to the society view, (Framework Institution, 2008). Furthermore, other potential issues in child nutrition bill policy are that the policy differentiates among youth in school system, needy and worthy children. The issue with that is, kids are easy to become ashamed of themselves when the peers stigmatize them. For instance, the school lunch program is designated to help low-income individuals, therefore if they begin to feel embarrassed eating school lunch, there will be no actual effects on th e program.ÂÂ   The third potential problem is how much the government is too involved in the policy; this policy should be an open discussion between parents and the government sectors. At least the government should form a standard where it involved parents in determined what the kids needs. It is saying that, nor leaders in Congress or the formal 1st lady Michelle Obama should think that they know what it is that is good for the kids, they should consider involving parents because parents know whats best for their children, (Tribune, 2014). Policy/policy description is a composed advance of action that is required; its established to safeguard and decide the current and future decisions. Based on the reading, there are numerous advantages to having child nutrition policies; there is public funding for all institution meals and nutrition program. Part of the system descriptions is that it sketches a plan for schools, parents, officials, staff the quality nutrition care for the childrens. The policy helps teachers parents and institutions staff about the health and way of healthy lifestyle, preventing child obesity and low meal plans. This system also helps the poor and needy family in many capacities, such as children eating healthy food every day and not spending the little incomes of the family money, mentally and physically shape at school. The policy also educated mothers individually and groups on how to prevent nutrition difficulties in children life. Moreover, to qualify or continue to receive this system, the app licant must meet the minimal requirement. For example, for those that have household incomes below 130 percent of poverty guideline qualify for free meals, and those that are above 130 percent pay reduce price meal. Also, for those that receive public benefits such as food stamp, and temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) automatic qualify for child nutrition program, (Model Policies for Creating a Healthy Nutrition, n.d.). The Child Nutrition Act policy goals are educated individual with primary health care system, develop different eating behaviors as well as to help parents and institutions the guideline of dietary. According to (Vermont, 2006), one of the primary goals of the child nutrition act is to have a satisfactory place, location, space for the kids to have a pleasant meal, and suitable time to enjoyed their meal and relax. Which remind me of my high school years, nowadays most schools in the nation incorporate physical education program (PEP) as part of the required or elective credit to encourage students to participate. After school activities had also been available for all students if they have any interested in staying after school, this was and is the way to improve healthy lifestyle for children around the globe. The national school lunch program was formed and addressed by the U.S. Congress in 1946 through the national school lunch act. The program is the largest and the oldest of all child nutrition law, this program was measured of national security because, during the second war world, most soldiers were unfit for the job due to the lack of nutritional and healthy lifestyles. The program also helps U.S. economy and small businesses to stay in business, (S. Sims Citrin, 1974). For, instance, the (USDA) U.S. Department of Agriculture increase nutrition commodities and other healthier foods. The WIC program helps smallest business to stay in business by receiving government funds. The NSLP is available to all public school as well as some private school; all these institutions benefits through this program. I believe that the child nutrition act program was formed with the proper intention, to help and benefits all people. References Bergman, A. A., England, T., Taylor, K. W., Watkins, T., Schepman, S., Rushing, K. (2014). The Journal of Child Nutrition Management. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from School Nutrition Association, https://schoolnutrition.org/uploadedFiles/5_News_and_Publications/4_The_Journal_of_Child_Nutrition_and_Management/Fall_2014/SchoolLunchBeforeandAfterImplementationHealthyHungerFreeKidsAct.pdf Frame Work Institution. (2008, October). Retrieved January 23, 2017, from http://www.frameworksinstitute.org/assets/files/child_nutrition/catalogpotentialreframeschildnutrition.pdf Martin, J., Oakley, C. (Eds.). (2008). managing child nutrition programs: Leadership for excellence. (3nd ed.). Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Model Policies for Creating a Healthy Nutrition. Retrieved January 29, 2017, from http://health.mo.gov/living/wellness/nutrition/eatsmartguidelines/pdf/Model_Policies.pdf Ross, A., L. Anderson, D. (2010, July 28). Retrieved January 23, 2017, from https://www.nmu.edu/sites/DrupalEducation/files/UserFiles/Files/Pre-Drupal/SiteSections/Students/GradPapers/Projects/Ross_Amy_MP.pdf S. Sims, L., Citrin, J. (1974). Reinvesting School Lunch. Retrieved January 29, 2017, from https://gradschool.columbusstate.edu/cols/politicalscience/MPAC%207106%20School%20Lunch%20Case%20Study.pdf Tribune, M. (2014, November 30). Getting the kids to eat healthier school meals. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from http://www.richardscareeracademy.org/ourpages/auto/2014/12/9/49765820/11_10_14_SchoolLunchArticle.pdf Vermont, B. (2006, December 18). Retrieved January 29, 2017, from http://www.wssu.k12.vt.us/schools/BUHS%20E11%20Federal%20Child%20Nutrition%20Act%20Wellness%20Policy.pdf

Violence Is An Appropriate Response To Racism :: essays research papers

Violence is an Appropriate Response to Racism I think that this statment is very negative, as it gives the impression that violence is the only way to solve things, and it is not.People need to talk about matters that concern them with the people that are causing the concerns, doing this wil make dealing with the problem of racism easier. The saying 'two wrongs don't make a right' is a very appropriate sayingto use in the issue of racism because racism towards people is wrong and so is violence. When one puts the two together, to deal with each other,it does not make the situation right. In fact, it will make the situatin worse because it will cause resentment between the racist and the victim. There is a quote in the bible, Matthew 5 38- 39 where Jesus speaks about revenge. It reads, "You have heard that it was said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But now I tell you do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If someone slaps you on the right cheek, let him slap your left cheek too." What this means is, if someone hurts once, do not respond in a violent manner, turn the other cheek and let them do it again. It shows that Jesus was against violence. Gandhi said something similar: 'An eye for an eye and we shall all be blind'. Gandi meant that so mang people hurt other people that they would end up seriously hurt. Put this teaching into practise, if someone hurts you once let them do it a secong time is the message here. The other side to this statement is to agree that racists should be dealt with in a violent way. In some resects, this is correct because if people have the mentality to be racist towards another person, they need to be punished, and if violence fits this sort of punish mentment. People, whatever race they are have to choice to decide where they live. They deserve to feel comfortable in their home even if it is not where the majority of their race lives. No one has the right to speak badly about another human because of the colour of their skin. They need violence to show them racism is unfair. Racism is somthing very personal to people as it shows what they believe in Some people prefer to deal with it in a violent manner, and others prefer ot deal with it in a more subtle way, for example a discusion.

Essay on Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II -- Richard II Richard

Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II  Ã‚  Ã‚      Over the last thirty years, Shakespeare criticism has demonstrated a growing awareness of the self-reflexive or metadramatic elements in his works. Lionel Abel’s 1963 study, Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, provided perhaps the first significant analysis of the ways in which Shakespeare thematizes theatricality, in the broadest sense of the term, in his tragedies, comedies, and histories. In his discussion of Hamlet, he makes the observation—perhaps a bit commonplace and obvious to us thirty years later—that the famous â€Å"play within a play† is only the most blatant example of self-conscious technique found throughout the tragedy: once we begin to look closely, we notice that nearly â€Å"every important character acts at some moment like a playwright, employing a playwright’s consciousness of drama to impose a certain posture or attitude on another† (46). Elsewhere in his book, Abel argues implicitly that Shakespeare, though he often used metadramatic techniques more in the interest of developing character than creating â€Å"an event,† the way later playwrights do, nevertheless composed plays which â€Å"are theatre pieces about life seen as already theatricalized† (60). In making such statements, Abel laid the groundwork for a number of subsequent studies, from Thomas F. Van Laan’s Role-Playing in Shakespeare, which appeared in 1978, to Judd D. Hubert’s more recent Metatheatre: The Example of Shakespeare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics following Abel’s lead have been especially interested in Shakespeare’s second tetralogy. James L. Calderwood, for instance, reads the Henriad as Shakespeare’s reflection not only on a period of British history during which political authority, political â€Å"truth,... ...l. Metatheatre. New York: Hill and Wang, 1963. Calderwood, James L. Metadrama in Shakespeare’s Henriad. Berkeley: U of California P, 1979. Dean, Leonard F. â€Å"Richard II: The State and the Image of the Theatre.† PMLA 67 (1952): 211-18. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1983. Glasser, Marvin. â€Å"The Poet and the Royal Persona: Lyrical Structures in Shakespeare’s Second Tetralogy.† Modern Language Quarterly 50 (1989): 125-44. Hubert, Judd D. Metatheatre: The Example of Shakespeare. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1991. Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977. Shakespeare, William. Richard II. Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. G. B. Harrison. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1948. 430-67. Van Laan, Thomas F. Role-Playing in Shakespeare. Buffalo: U of Toronto P, 1978.

Women in Homers The Odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

Homer's The Odyssey Women are important to the plot and overall theme of the Odyssey. In fact, without many of the women there would not be a complex plot to this epic poem. In the narrative and in Greek society women played a variety of roles, as mothers, herons, and many other strong roles yet, they were treated as less significant, and were made to be loyal and submissive to men. The women were required to wait on and sulk for love, as Penelope did for 20 years. In Greek society, the women had very little authority but the little control that they did have was sort of a sexual power, which at times they could use to outwit the men. Obvious examples of this sexual power would be Circe and Calypso. Calypso and Circe however, are not the only examples of women from the text that used this mystifying power. The beautiful nymph Calypso and beautiful witch-goddess Circe had super natural powers, which they each used to make Odysseus their love slave. Calypso had captured Odysseus and taken him to her island, Ogygia, where they had an affair for a while. She used her beauty and she seduced him to control him. Circe used what we would call the â€Å"puppy dog† allure to get Odysseus to have mercy on her and eventually she seduced him in chapter ten. He and his men lived with her for a year. The Sirens, enchanted Odysseus with their singing, their songs put him in a trance, they had this sultry spell-casting power. Throughout the tale, Penelope uses her feminine charm to subtly lead t...

The Welfare State

HISTORY OF THE WELFARE STATE: The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in establishing the Welfare State in Britain. The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History.The freshly appointed Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a ‘welfare state’ that would systematically deal with the ‘five giant evils’ proposed by William Beveridge in a report, which later became known as the Beveridge report. The British welfare state, if it is to be defined, it is generally incorporated with Sir William Beveridge and the after war period.Welfare State is the concept in which government plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based on the principles of eq ual opportunity in the distribution of wealth and public responsibility for those who lack the minimal provisions for a good life, for example good health, education and basic income (Abercrombie and Warde 2000). Is it the responsibility of a government to provide for its citizen, what about the cost, because it can lead to ever-increasing public spending that the government may find difficult to sustain.According to Abercrombie and Warde (2000) the term ‘welfare state’ was invented, following the Second World War when Social policy was developing. During the Second World War, the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill, the conservative party torch bearer deliberately planned the creation of a better Britain than the one in which many people have lived in the poverty-stricken 1930s.Plans were drafted and policies were generated which were to ensure that, in peacetime, there would be a family support system, good health care for all, more jobs will be made avai lable as well as creating new towns and adequate housing (Walsh et al, 2000). However, in 1941, during the Second World War, Sir William Beveridge was given a task by Winston Churchill (wartime prime minister of the coalition government) to head an interdepartmental committee of civil servants in an nvestigation and evaluate the national insurance policies as well as suggestions of ways to improve them (Addison, 2005). But, according to Walsh et al (2000) Beveridge went further than the original terms of references given him. In the final statement know as the ‘Beveridge report’ ( ), it was introduced by its architect, Sir William Beveridge, to the British parliament in 1942. Throughout this report, Beveridge kept mentioning the abolition of ‘want’ which was believed to be the major problem at the time.He predicted major reforms in health, housing, and education; because the policies needed to attack the five giant evils were set out in detail in his report . The five giant evils were want, disease, ignorance, idleness and squalor by which he meant poverty, unemployment, poor housing and lack of access to decent education and health care. This report was radical and became popular partly because of its promise of social security for all, and partly because it brings to mind the vision of the peacetime life promised by Winston Churchill at that time for which million were longing (Abercrombie and Warde 2000).Winston Churchill was not happy because the Beveridge report brought up issues which distracted people’s attention from the Second World War as well as threatening to produce controversy between the coalition governments. He also disapproved of the Beveridge report on the ground that no government could commit in advance the expenditure involved, thus, confusions between the Conservative and the Labour members and this affected his election champagne during the post war (Addison, 2005).William Beveridge recommendations based on social survey, were designed to tackle poverty primarily through the development of a national social security system, providing income security ‘from the cradle to the grave’( life -long) that will for the first time allowed the British people to have real income security that would be available to everyone regardless of means testing.As much as the ‘five giant’ differs from each other, there is a connection between the five of them, for example, unemployment in society causes people to lack financially and this can lead to lack of good medical care, want, poor housing and etc. The Five giant evils; Want, essentially this refers to poverty or lack, during the post war a lot of the British people were in need, they had no basic financial support and health care to keep them alive as well as keeping them above the poverty line by which income does not cover necessities.Due to lack of financial support people could not afford education and this resulted in lack of knowledge which is referred to as Ignorance, this was due to poor education. To make matter worst there was no national health care because, this had to be paid for, but there was no money and medical care was not free and this led to the outbreak of many diseases such as cholera, this was also linked to want, no money no medical care.Nevertheless, there were hospitals and only the rich in society could afford medical treatment, however, today the welfare state had made medical treatment available for all regardless of employment status. People were living in slums because there was poor housing and this was referred to as squalors, there is no difference today even though the welfare state has made provision for housing and some of these houses have been turned into slums by their occupant.Occupant of these houses don’t care to keep these houses clean because it cost them nothing, this giant is called Squalor, it is still with us today. The last giant was referred t o as Idleness, this was due to the hangover from depressions from the time of unemployment, today some people have chosen to stay idle, because the state will feed and house them. As much as the welfare state is good, the Victorian ‘workhouses’ would have been helpful in dealing with idleness in society, because one would need to work at the workhouse in order to get help from the state.The Beveridge report was an important document because it set out detailed policies for the attack needed to destroy the five giant evils, though the five giant evils were not destroyed completely, however, the Beveridge report left a legacy, the NHS and now there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain as compare to the years before the Second World War when people use to actually sleep in slum, therefore the Beveridge report was a blueprint on which the welfare state was emerged because it helped shape Britain’s social policies. (Naidoo and Wills, 2008). The publication of t he Beveridge report was a great success.Majority of the British public welcomed the report’s finding and wished to see them implemented as quickly as possible according to an opinion poll (national archives, 2003). This shows the extent to which the population had shifted to the left wing (representing the Labour party) during the course of the Second World War. The post war election, in June 1945 resulted in a landslide victory for the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee , who promised in their election campaign that they will tackle Beveridge’s five giant evils and established ‘New Jerusalem’ which was reluctantly rejected by Winston Churchill.To implement the Beveridge’s report, the Labour party attacked the ‘five giant evil’ by passing legislations, though they were not completely destroyed, however, one of the giant called disease, the most famous tackled by the Labour government left the state with a legacy, the 1946 National Healt h Service Act which meant free accessible health care system for all beginning in 1948, though it was hugely expensive. In 1946 the national insurance act was passed to tackled the giant called ‘want’ making provisions for the unemployed and pregnant women, pension for the retired and etc.The education Act 1944, a conservative idea to tackle ‘ignorance’ so education was made free, the school leaving age was moved to 16 years previously 15. In 1947 Labour passed the education act into law. In 1948 the employment and training act was passed to tackle both ‘ignorance’ and ‘idleness’ making provision for school leavers , demobbed service men to train and established a skilled workforce. In addition, council house buildings and full employment was made possible by a better economy after the war. The five giants were tackled, but were not destroyed, because poverty has always lived with society.Comparably, there is nothing like absolute poverty in Britain today unlike before the welfare state when people had to make their homes in slums. Welfare states vary temporally as well as geographically. Like time welfare states do not stand still. Their evolution depends on choices made within restrictions (Powell, 1999). According to Marx (1999) welfare states make their own histories, but not within circumstances of their own choosing (cited in Powell, 1999). Today, the recommendations and policies that were detailed in the Beveridge eport to tackle poverty primarily through the development of a national social security system are still considered to provide the foundation of the modern welfare state References Lambert, T (2010). A Brief History of Poverty [online]. Available from: http://www. localhistories. org/povhist. html. [Accessed on 25th January 2011] National Archive (2003). The Welfare State [online]. Available from: http://www. nationalarchives. gov. uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/welfare. htm. [Access ed on 30th January 2011] Addison, P. 2005) Churchill The Unexpected Hero. New York: Oxford University Press. Abercrombie, N. And Warde, A. (2000) Contemporary British Society. Third Edition. Cambridge: Polity Press. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2008) Health Studies An Introduction. Second Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Lowe, R. (1999) The Welfare State In Britain Since 1945. Second Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Powell, M. (1999) New Labour, New Welfare State? Bristol: Policy Press. Osborne, R. and Loon, B. V. (2004) Introducing Sociology. Cambridge: Icon Books Limited.

Liberator

The views and beliefs expressed by William Lloyd Garrison in his Liberator editorial are in tune with the social and political changes that occurred in the time of the Second Great Awakening. With the rise of Baptist and Methodist churches in the United States, there was a greater trend to apply Christian doctrines to the resolution of social issues. The same effort was undertaken by Abolitionists who were inspired to move forward with their cause that contradicted both American political values and the teaching of the Christ. The Awakening saw the beginning of large-scale social campaigns underpinned by religious views. Abolitionism was one of such campaigns, paralleled by moral reform. Garrison’s article reflects this spirit of activism striving to resolve many pending social issues and serious problems. Garrison’s beliefs were undoubtedly influenced by religious views, especially taking into account the fact that his mother was from a strong religious background. It is important, however, that he was wise enough to include everybody regardless of religious affiliation in his anti-slavery campaigns. In the Liberator editorial he states: â€Å"In defending the great cause of human rights, I wish to derive the assistance of all religions and of all parties.† (Garrison, 1831). The American Revolution seems to be a powerful symbol in William Lloyd Garrison’s abolitionist beliefs. In the editorial, he invokes the American Declaration of Independence, specifically the part that states: â€Å"that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights — among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (Garrison, 1831). Garrison draws on these ideals to call for â€Å"the immediate enfranchisement of our slave population† (Garrison, 1831). To him, the connection between the ideals of the Revolution and the empowerment of slaves is obvious and immediate. The claim to equality with which all people are vested is taken to be equated with slave liberation as slaves are included into the concept of ‘people’. Garrison’s bitterness about the attitudes in the North could have been inspired by his preoccupation in the time immediately preceding the editorial with propaganda in those regions. The Northerners, lacking the sight of everyday slave exploitation, probably impressed him with their passivity and negligence concerning the cause of slave liberation. The populations in the North were perhaps less concerned with slavery and the need to overcome, knowing abuses for the most part from other people’s words and media communications. Garrison’s own views underwent a serious transformation as he devoted more time and effort to the abolitionist cause. Since his appearance in Park-Street Church on July 4, 1829, where he â€Å"unreflectingly assented to the popular but pernicious doctrine of gradual  abolition†, in the time before writing the editorial, he had ability to realize the drawbacks of this doctrine (Garrison, 1831). In the article, he presents himself to the reader as an ardent follower of immediate and irrevocable slave liberation. Now confident that slavery is a great tragedy that can no longer be tolerated, he agrees that it cannot be abolished in a gradual fashion. Instead, Garrison calls for putting an end to slavery immediately. He uses a good comparison of gradual abolition to â€Å"telling a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm† (Garrison, 1831). With a serious change in his view, he now identifies his previous position as â€Å"full of timidity, injustice, and absurdity† (Garrison, 1831). The reason why Garrison thought so was that a change was necessary in order to make his doctrine more in tune with the need to carry out serious changes in slaves’ dismal position. Realizing what slaves have to endure the author rejects to wait till slavery can be abolished in gradual moves. In the final part of his message, the author addresses the public’s concerns that his language may in fact be too sharp and hurting many people. To excuse himself and justify the claims, he states that â€Å"the apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead† (Garrison, 1831). Thus, he insists that the current situation and people’s passivity in matters concerning slavery make him use the harsh language that appears in his messages. It is the seriousness of the offences of slavery in combination with people turning a blind eye to them that drives him to extremes in his writings. In the poem with which Garrison crowns his passionate message, he also uses a few colourful metaphors to evoke passion in people and justify the severity of his words. Thus, he states that oppression has a â€Å"soul-withering glance†, depicts its â€Å"brutalizing sway† and â€Å"iron rod† (Garrison, 1831).   These metaphors expose to the reader the size and ugliness of what the author is dealing with – slavery and its numerous atrocities. Given the brutality of oppression, it is understandable why the author feels â€Å"deep abhorrence† for the phenomenon (Garrison, 1831). Speaking of arguments, the author does not present many in this paper, as it seems to be more of a continuation and comment to his previous Prospectus. The only forcible argument is the opposition to gradual abolition and the outlined change in position on the issue. In this respect, the author seems to state his views in a passionate fashion with a lot of colourful language that help me make points more convincing. However, he could further strengthen his argument by outlining the causes of such passionate attitude. For example, it would be useful to bring once again to the discussion a more detailed description of abuses by slave-owners and of what slaves will have to endure if the abolition takes a gradual and measured character. This would help to make the position even more convincing. Overall, the article undoubtedly made an impression on those familiar with Garrison’s ideas and views and believing in his integrity and leadership. Reference Garrison, W.L. (1831, January 1). Inaugural Editorial. The Liberator.   

Rich and Poor People In the 19th Century Britain

The different lifestyles and experiences, of rich and poor people in the 19th century Britain. The quality of life in the Victorian times depended on whether people were rich or poor. Wealthy people enjoyed a good and easy life, but on the other hand poorer people had a rough and hard life, often ending up in the workhouse or early death. By 1851 British society divided into social classes. The aristocracy were powerful and wealthy. The middle class, who ran the businesses, were ambitious and growing in wealth. The people in villages, in the towns, working as servant in the homes of the rich were very poor.The life of the rich, birth mattered more than money. A rich baby boy had governesses and nannies, then went to public school such as Eton or Harrow, finishing his education at Oxford or Cambridge. Girls were educated at home and getting prepared for marriage. Some girls went to boarding school and at the end of the 19th century, a small number were able to go to university. The el dest son inherited his father’s estate and title. In a rich household their meals where far more then they could eat and the rest was passed on to the employers who lived on their land. As the century went on, middle-class people took annual holiday.Behaviour in a typical middle-class family was proper. Children spent most of the time with the nanny and called the father â€Å"Sir†. The mother’s job was to stay at home and tells servants and tradesmen what to do. The middle-class house values where religion, modesty, cleanliness, self-improvement and hard work. They enjoyed musical evenings, stamp collecting, butterfly collecting and the theatre. The working class lived on their employer’s land in little cottages. If the working class would ever leave their employer they would have to leave their accommodation and make them homeless or go into workhouses.That’s why a lot of people stayed in the same employment for a long time. At the start of the 1 9th century few poor people received an education until the 1880 education act made primary school compulsory. Poverty is the state of being poor. For the poor most children have to work because their family needed the money. The more people in the family who worked, the more money they had. More money means more food and better living conditions. Very poor people with no home or job lived in workhouses and families got split up. They earned their keep by doing jobs in the workhouse.The idea was that the poor were helped to support themselves. For most of the population poverty brought terrible living and working conditions. Millions of people were living in terrible squalor. They lived in cold, damp, badly built houses. They where overcrowded which led to spread of disease. Working conditions were dreadful and people got low pay for long hours working in factories, mines and mills. Work was hard, and dangerous with little safety and poor working conditions. Huge social problems led to alcoholism and violence. This was happening up and down the land in the cities of Britain.During the 19th century people had strong beliefs about the causes of poverty. People believed that it was a person’s own doing that they lived in poverty, as it was due to the own behaviour, laziness, alcoholism or wasting the money that they had. A person should help themselves to avoid poverty and to get out of poverty. It was called self-help. The next step in this essay will be looking at some source material to find out which is primary and secondary. Primary sources are can also exist in many copies, if they were popular and widely available at the time that they were created.Secondary sources were called secondary because they are created after primary sources and they often use or talk about primary sources. Secondary sources can give additional options sometimes called bias, on a past event or on the primary source. Secondary sources often have many copies. Looking at Sourc e D: This is a secondary source, as it was written in 2001 by Victorian diaries in London. The diary was written unwittingly as the author Lady Maria Hobart did not expect anyone to read her diary. Also it is unwittingly written, because it describes an event out of her life.The diary is the primary source of the memory of the special day and written by her, produced at the time. She was also very wealthy as there was a maid and eight bride’s mates and she was made by a sir at the church. She had a horse and carriage picking her and her husband up from church after their wedding ceremony. She was an educated lady and her workforce came out cheerfully to celebrate their marriage. There is a very positive bias and it is very well written and precise. Source B: this source is not very reliable, as he is protective of his father and may be distorted due to his age.The father was the only source of income that points out that this family was very poor. This is also a primary sourc e as George Edwards recalls his life in this diary. The workhouse was also a strong point that this family was poor. The images in source F we see here are all primary images as there were photos taken at the time. The images showing the upper and working class looking at image one is strongly biased as it only represents the upper class. Image six was wittingly taken. The intention was to show the poor. Image two shows a child as a miner In 1842 the mines act stopped working girls and boys under 10 from work in mines.This also represents a poor family as all the member in a poor family had to work, even children. Also a primary source as it was taken at the time of the event. The conclusion on primary and secondary sources is, primary sources come first hand from the source or person. Diaries would be a primary source because it is written directly by the individual writing in the diary. Information that has been stated, but not interpreted by others. Secondary sources are sources that were written about primary sources. Secondary sources analyse, interpret and discuss information about primary source.

Soical Issues

World Religions – Social Justice Issue Paper Legalization of Marijuana Introduction: Tracey Martin Every Religion demonstrates unique aim to adhere to specific way of living. â€Å"Typically, members of the Religious institutes either take vows of evangelical chastity, poverty and obedience (the â€Å"Evangelical Counsels†) to lead life in imitation of Christ Jesus or those following the Rule of SST. Benedict, the vow of obedience, stability (that is.To remain with this particular community till death and not seek to move to another), and â€Å"conversion of life†which implicitly includes the counsels of chastity and evangelical poverty' (Booker, 2003). â€Å"The golden rule exists in all Religions in some form. It is a statement, in summary, of the basic requirement for all human behavior. It appears sometimes in positive form: Jesus said, Do to others whatever you have them do to you† (Matthew 7:12). It also appears in negative form: Confucius said, â⠂¬Å"What you do not want done to you, do not do to others† (Analects 15. 3) Since this is the fundamental obligation in all religions, why are so many religions involved in so many of the most bitter conflicts in the world? â€Å"(Booker, 2003). With that question dated, we will explore and compare the view points offered by Catholicism and the United Methodist (Methodism) related to the social Justice issue around the legalization of Marijuana. Supporting Data: The controversy over the legalization of illegal drugs in the U. S. , has been an ongoing debate over the last decade or greater.From the early sass's to the sass's, Congress had enacted marijuana control laws, which saw a change in penalties for possession in the early sass's, imposing minimum sentence of 2 years for first-offense, and again increased in 1956 based on the Narcotic Control Act, which classified marijuana with iron. By 1965, the first-time drug offense carried a sentence of 5 to 20 years of imprisonmen t, and second offense carried 10-40 years. It was noted in 1956, the United States had 1. 6 million arrests, and by 1970 ‘s the annual numbers had tripled.The early sass's, President Nixon proposed the war on drugs, related to the drug epidemic, which also lead the urban American public to believe it was the cause of the increase in crime. 1971, a treaty with Columbia was signed with the United States, as the first step to the war on drugs. The goal was to raise awareness among lawmakers and to stop the production ND trafficking from the Caribbean to the United States. By the sass's, the war on drugs met challenges from the fight for power and the display of violence, observed from drug cartels.The violence and uprising led various murders from lawmakers, judges, and other public officials. Over the last few decades, noted changes with the legal status of marijuana has been seen. Eleven States have passed laws that discriminative the possession of marijuana for personal usage, and other states continue to evaluate their state policies. In the sass's, the worldwide epidemic of AID, parked the consideration for medical usage, which in 2005 policy was presented to lawmakers for consideration as the â€Å"Last Resort and Fundamental Rights†.The policy review demonstrated Cancer and Aids patients experienced signs and symptoms from treatments, and marijuana alleviated the side effects, when no other methods had been successful for treatment. The history of marijuana continues to be a political controversy in the United States, which is observed at both the state and federal levels. Lawmakers are not the only ones undecided in regard to public and medical views push for legalization. Many opinions have been documented for the acceptance and noncompliance for the legalization of marijuana.Points of view are divided in the medical communities with the psychiatric doctors pushing opposition due to substance abuse concerns in the general populations and ado lescents. Churches/ or Religious Institutes are offering opinions based on values and beliefs stemming from the religious order. The general public of the United States also seems to be divided based on familial values and beliefs or the continued awareness through media coverage and acknowledgment of divided view points. The basic view points identified for the two different religions beliefs are as follows: Catholicism – 1. Apostle Peter as its first leader. 2.Belief that Jesus Christ is Divine. 3. Transubstantiation; elements become really, truly, the body, blood, soul and divinity of Christ at consecration, Real Presence of Christ, and the sacrament. (full communion). 4. Possession of the â€Å"threefold ordained ministry'. 5. Belief that the church is the vessel and deposit fullness of the teachings of Jesus Christ. 6. A belief in the necessity and efficacy of sacraments. 7. The usage of sacred images, candles and music, often incense and water at airship. 8. Veneration of Mary, the mother of Jesus as the blessed virgin Mary. 9. The distinction between God, Saints and Virgin Mary among the Saints. 0. Seven sacraments or â€Å"sacred mysteries† Methodism: 1. Tribune God, God is one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, 2. Scripture; writings of Old and New Testament inspired by God. 3. Sin, human beings are intended to bear the image of God. Sin estranges people from god and corrupts human nature from ability to heal or save ourselves. 4. Salvation through Jesus Christ; through stoning death, resurrection, presence through history and promised return. . Sanctification; draws one to Christian perfection, â€Å"habitually filled with the love of God and neighbor† and as † having the mind of Christ and walking as he walked†. . Sacraments; two recognized. 7. Free Will; free to make choices because of God's divine grace and people are truly accountable before God for their choices. 8. Grace; God gives unmerited fa vor freely to all though it may be resisted. Though the identified beliefs and practices during worship are different. The two religions identify very similar views regarding social issues. Opposing examples include: Abortion, Addiction, Capital Punishment, Suicide ND Euthanasia, War, and the threat of human life and dignity.With the examination of the two religious views regarding the legalization of marijuana. Neither one of the religions endorses the use of Marijuana or â€Å"smoking pot†. Clergy emphasize God ‘s disapproval to mind-altering drugs, and promote abstinence from the use of illegal drugs, which is considered factors for crime, disease, death and family dysfunction. Marijuana is is described as a precursor or the gateway drug to the use of other drugs. With review of Amendment 64 in Colorado though, almost all the signers are Unitarians or liberal Mainline Protestants.Nearly one third are United Methodists pastors, but presumed they do not preside over an y of the larger congregations. Also several Jewish rabbis, but no Catholic or Orthodox clergy. â€Å"Apparently there's no specific denominational official stance for or against the actual legalization. The absence of a stance is a little surprising, as Methodists were the original Prohibitionists†. (Dooley, 2013) â€Å"The traditional clergy are on stronger ground when citing the already experienced abuse of medical marijuana laws. Stronger theological insights into what a civil state could and should ban versus regulate would be lawful.Those who believe in creating a more Just and godly society need to argue for maintaining a healthy common culture of mutual responsibility that guards against vice without exceeding the state's proper vocation†. (Dooley, 2013). Both national religious institutes have made reference to the religious documents that blind their belief and values. For the Catholics documents such as traditional Papal, Conciliator and Episcopal. The Method ists cite Doctrine of Standards, and the Book of Discipline. Pope Francis quoted † In every suffering brother and sister we embrace the suffering body of Christ. Dealers of death†¦. Allow the logic of power and money',When addressing chemical addiction. United Methodists quote the church founder John Wesley † None are recognized as Methodists who did not recognize the named Standards of Doctrine†. Conclusion: In the end the same question of; why are so many religions involved in so many of the most bitter conflicts in the world? â€Å"(Booker, 2003). I think the answer is still very divided, especially when examining a social issue. The legalization of marijuana, has been controversy since it was first introduced as an alternative approach for pacific medical treatments for signs and symptoms.As lawmakers are currently divided in overall decision, it is also demonstrated thru the different religious institute, from one end of the spectrum to the other. There is a divide of opinion and focus, relating to the process and the end result. Religions are focusing on the belief, values and the good of all people. Others of the more liberal religious orders relate more to the statistics of criminal behavior, financial costs to the general pubic, and the logic of usage by an individual person as a controlled substance (comparative to alcohol consumption).Currently, there is not an agreed upon solution to the social issue of marijuana be decentralized. Many States have taken it upon themselves to make decisions at the State level, and at this time others continue to evaluate. I think this is an issue that will continue to cause great debate over the coming years, the United States is very divided, from government in Washington, Religious Institutions, and the general public views for lour against the legalization of marijuana at this time. References: Allen, J. L. (2013), Pope decries † dealers of death† opposes drug legalization, Nat ional Catholic Press

Cystic Fibrosis and CFTR

Organelles can contribute or cause a disease like Cystic Fibrosis. First the organelle itself may be defective because its molecules do not function well or because there has been damage to it by exposure to some harmful substance such as a chemical. Within the endoplasmic reticulum or ER where the synthesis of this protein occurs there may be a disturbance in the functions. Normally the proteins are coded within the ER for normal production and functioning of CFTR. It he protein is misfolded during the processing a disease like Cystic Fibrosis may occur.The belief is that the PH of the CFTR protein is altered and because of this PH changes the surface tension of the CFTR changes. That change in surface tension changes the trafficking of the protein and mucus causing thicker mucus to get trapped in several organs but mostly in the lungs and pancreas. Because the surface tension is changed it becomes nearly impossible for the patient to move the mucus there for it accumulates in the l ungs and is very sticky. Bacteria more easily bind to the sticky protein causing consistent infections in the lungs.The missing or defective membrane proteins that are causing the CF become the reason why there are so many increased secretions but the worst of the problem is that with the change in the PH, the consistency of the secretions have changed and the person with the CF can just not handle them. That with the increased infections and the fact that this continues to happen throughout the other organs causes the patient to be extremely debilitated with the chance of early loss of life.

Delay Retirement as Housing, Stock Swoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Delay Retirement as Housing, Stock Swoon - Essay Example The housing bubble of 2008 caused many Americans to lose thousands of dollars in equity value. The housing market used to be so good that many Americans bought a second property for investment purposes. Those people that choose the route of investing in the house market for profits have taken a huge hit since the majority of properties in the United States have lost a lot of value. According to the article the housing market in the U.S lost over 10% in value in 2008. Along with a depleting housing market retirees have also seen their other investment instruments go down in value in a significant manner. One of the financial retirement instruments that people invest on the most is 401k plans. These plans often invest a lot of money in the stock market. The value of stocks or equity went down approximately 15.5% in 2008. The loss of value hurt the potential retirees the most because older people do not have the leisure of time like young people do. A young person can wait until the market picks up once again. Retirees depend on that equity money to help pay for their living expenses. The combined effect of the devaluation in the stock market and the depreciation of homes has force many senior citizens to continue working instead of retiring early. As of 2008 approximately 78 million baby boomers reached the age of 60. Many of these individual planned on retiring early, but a lot of them have found it extremely hard to make a commitment to retireme nt due to the fact that the value of their retirement savings has gone down. The senior citizens that are supposed to retire are holding on to jobs that younger people need. This has created market inefficiency in the labor markets. There are so many jobs to go around in the United States. The current situation is unfair to both young people and older people.

Mitt Romney is the Best Choice for the Republican Nomination (2011) Research Paper

Mitt Romney is the Best Choice for the Republican Nomination (2011) - Research Paper Example Now he stands as a candidate for the Republican nomination to become President of the United States. This paper will identify qualities which best qualify him for this nomination, as well as qualities which might raise a question mark in the minds of the American public. Rivals for the nomination will be briefly considered. The central thesis of this paper is that Mitt Romney is, in fact, the best choice for the Republican nomination. America is in need of strong leadership, solid financial management, and thorough analysis of all sides of a variety of social, health, educational, economic, military, and moral issues which currently foster so much conflict domestically and internationally. Leadership is critical because it can lead to unity (collective identity and authentic negotiation) and survival (safety and prosperity). Solid financial management is critical because the economy is in bad shape; the national deficit is embarrassing; and in the course of meeting political prioriti es, families are homeless, freezing and starving on the streets. Analytic skills are vital in order to sort through competing priorities, introduce creative solutions which represent the interests of the people in a fair manner, and develop a strong base for success. Supporters and critics of Romney have identified him as a person with strong leadership skills. Hewitt asserts that Romney, a moderate, has â€Å"talent for politics and leadership,† beyond that of other politicians (4). Warring factions in the bipartisan political arena need an inspiring and influential leader, with the ability to unite opposing forces toward mutually beneficial goals. Mitt’s leadership ability is demonstrated in his distinguished accomplishments in private and public sectors. He redeemed the morale and credibility of the Salt Lake Olympics, in his capacity as event organizer. He garnered support from the public sector, private entities, and athletes, correcting past distortions in Salt L ake leadership (Westerbeek and Smith 44). Leadership is tested when there is a crisis, requiring quick analysis and resolution. Mitt’s ability to negotiate bipartisan concerns and influence the government was exhibited when he signed the bill for reformation of health care in Massachusetts (Foer 133). Mitt Romney’s formal education in management was acquired at Stanford University (two semesters), Brigham Young University (BA) and Harvard Law School (graduated Cum Laude) (Algiere 105). His management skills were further developed when he entered the Boston Consulting Group, and were polished as Vice President of Bain & Company and co-founder of Bain Capital (Algiere 105). Romney saved the shrinking company from bankruptcy, without employee dismissal. He compiled a profit of over $100 million during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. He has a reputation for having a strong work ethic. Consequently, public and private sectors trust him, making fundraising successful (Algiere 106). The USA suffers from a significant budget deficit, due to government spending. If Romney is chosen for the Republican nomination, his strategic skills in business and financial management will help to regain what has been lost. During his 2008 campaign, Romney stressed that he can â€Å"balance the State’s out-of-control budget and attract new business to revive the economy† (Foer 133). All kinds of empty promises are made by politicians, but Romney’s past success justifies public confidence in the veracity

A Positive Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Positive Concept - Essay Example It should be known that truth is immortal and man without truth is nothing but life less. Life is not meant to be lived just for the sake of pleasure of senses, but for the purpose of realizing truth and living by it in all means. One of the greatest philosophers who strived for truth and righteousness was Socrates, the famous Greek thinker. â€Å"Socrates' main focus throughout his public teaching life was the acquiring by the individual of self-knowledge. He believes that goodness and truth, positive essences and pure ethical and moral† (Burgess,2011) . This indeed explains us the value of truthful living and the way in which it helps a person to attain bliss and immortality. However, living a truth life is not simple and comfortable as one has to come across many difficulties and hurdles in the process. Only a person who has attained the knowledge about self has the motivation and passion to walk the journey of life with truth. A person has the freedom to live life at his o wn will, but wisdom and knowledge prompt him to discard immoral life and return to virtuous and happy life. â€Å"We all tend to intellectualize the road of a virtuous life , when all we need to do is believe in a few simple natural laws , formulated thousand of years ago by interacted with God† (Joubert,2009,pg.1).It is not very difficult to follow the path of truth if you realize the law of nature. Nature being the mother of all beings, has bestowed us with all bounties to achieve happiness and bliss. Fortunately, every human being knows that happiness is the element that he is seeking and desiring in every phase of his life. As Per ( Babuta, 2010)â€Å"Some people may be created happier than others, with enjoyment of life programmed into their hardwiring. For others, getting to happiness isn't always that simple. You weren't programmed that way†. It may be a surprising fact, that the truth and happiness are the two things that go hand – in – hand and o ne who is leading an immoral life can never be happy in true sense. To be moral and truthful to oneself is the biggest achievement of life and every person should work and strive to achieve this purpose. â€Å"A moral skeptic might be the sort of person who says â€Å"All this talk of morality is tripe† who will reject morality and take no notice of it all. Such a person in a way is rejecting all moral judgments and truth wholly†(Mc cord,1988,pg.96) Most people think that morality and truthfulness can be attained solely from religion. However, religion is a basis and foundation for finding truth but only self realization and truth of divine can persuade someone to persuade a truthful living. â€Å"Once the ultimate metaphysical or religious position is takes as truth, morality or truthful living becomes impossible without religion, and religion become impossible without reality† (Chacko, 1986,pg.9).The truth is the reality and one has to go on a long quest to un derstand and establish truth in one’s life. By truth it is meant that, a person will achieve bliss and happiness eternally and not only in his present life. However, to achieve blissful life the most important think is to understand divine and love all the creations of the Almighty with true heart. The most important aspect of truth is love, this feeling and emotion is what makes the foundation of universe. The Almighty has